http://www.healthcanal.com/environmental-health/29154-Tackling-international-air-pollution.html

A panel led by Professor Martin Williams of the Environmental Research Group at King’s has reached an international agreement to update the ‘Gothenburg Protocol’, setting more ambitious targets to reduce trans-boundary air pollution across the northern hemisphere.

The Executive Body of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) have revised objectives for the Protocol that will see a reduction in EU emissions of around 60 per cent for sulphur, 40 per cent for nitrogen oxides, 30 per cent for volatile organic compounds, 6 per cent for ammonia and 20 per cent for particulate matter by 2020 compared with 2005.

The Protocol, adopted in 1999, set emission ceilings for pollutants on the basis of scientific assessments of pollution effects and abatement options.

The revised text of the Protocol includes national emission reduction commitments for main air pollutants to be achieved in 2020 and beyond. An emission ceiling for fine particular matter – the pollutant whose ambient air concentrations notoriously exceed air quality standards throughout Europe – will be included for the first time. It also sets tight limits for specific emission sources such as electricity production, cars and lorries.

Professor Martin Williams, Chairman of the Executive Body, said: ‘We made several important strides in a historic agreement last week in Geneva where Parties to the Gothenburg Protocol agreed an amended version, breaking new ground in three important areas.

‘It is the first international treaty to deal with the so-called ‘short-lived climate pollutants’ – toxic air pollutants which can also significantly affect the earth’s climate; secondly, for the first time, an international agreement sets emission ceilings for PM2.5 the most important air pollutant in terms of human health; thirdly the agreement should be sufficiently flexible that Eastern European countries, including the Russian Federation should be able to join the Protocol, which already includes the 27 EU countries, Norway, Switzerland and the USA among others.’

It is thought the new revisions will have a major global impact on health, the environment and climate change.

For further media information please contact Emma Reynolds, Press Officeremma.reynolds@kcl.ac.uk

For further information about King’s, visit our ‘King’s in Brief’ page.

http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/20/attention-expats-singapore-is-better-than-hong-kong/

Jerome Favre/Bloomberg NewsA haze over Victoria Harbor and the North Point district skyline in Hong Kong.

HONG KONG — Singapore and Hong Kong are engaged in a constant battle: which, oh which, is the more important Asian financial center? And which is more capable of attracting the top-quality workers that are needed to run the trading floors, logistics operations and universities that make both cities global players?

This week, once again, Singapore came out clearly ahead of Hong Kong, in an annual ranking of living conditions (as seen through the eyes of expatriate staff) compiled by ECA International, the management consultancy.

The assessment is designed to help companies determine what, if any, additional compensation or benefits they should offer employees they are sending abroad, and takes into consideration factors such as climate, health services, housing, leisure facilities, infrastructure, safety, political tensions and air quality.

Singapore was ranked as the best Asian city to live in (for the 13th year in a row), ahead of Hong Kong, which came in third, after Kobe, Japan.

Hong Kong’s positioning was an improvement from the previous year, when it ranked fifth within the region. But the 2-notch rise was nothing for Hong Kong to be proud of: It was the result of two other Japanese cities, Tokyo and Yokohama, dropping in the ranking because of the earthquake and tsunami of March 2011.

All in all, of course, Hong Kong does a good job in many respects: the transport infrastructure is awesomely efficient; health and education services are good; and on the personal safety front…well, name another city of seven million where a woman can go jogging on her own at night, as I do.

Still, where Hong Kong falls down — vis a vis urban rival Singapore — is air quality.

This may sound banal, but it is not. Pollution has worsened over the years (in part because of smog from neighboring mainland China), and, as I have reported, the government’s inability to reverse the trend (by giving out incentives to promote cleaner engines or cleaner fuel, for example) is drawing increasingly outspoken criticism.

Hong Kong, said Lee Quane, regional director for Asia at ECA International, has the third worst score for any of the 49 Asian cities assessed by the consulting firm, after Beijing and New Delhi, and now ranks among the worst locations worldwide for air quality, along with Santiago, Mexico City, and Cairo.

Air pollution, Mr. Quane said, could be a critical factor for an employee trying to decide whether to relocate here. “In this respect, Singapore has a clear lead over Hong Kong, giving it an advantage in terms of attracting business from overseas.”

(Oh, and in case you were wondering, Baghdad, Kabul, Port-au-Prince and Karachi are the worst cities to live in, according to the ECA ranking.)

So, tell us, why do you live in Hong Kong?

http://7thspace.com/headlines/411999/lcq19_data_on_concentrations_of_fine_suspended_particulates.html

Hong Kong (HKSAR) – Following is a question by the Hon Kam Nai-wai and a written reply by the Secretary for the Environment, Mr Edward Yau, in the Legislative Council meeting today (May 9):

Questions:

The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) monitors the concentrations of air pollutants through its air quality monitoring network (including 11 general and three roadside air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs)), and on March 8, 2012, EPD started to collect and report on a real time basis the data on the hourly concentrations of fine suspended particulates (also known as “PM2.5”).In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:

(a) of the reasons why EPD only publishes the data on pollutant concentrations in the past 24 hours and does not keep the past relevant data on its web site for perusal of the public;

(b) of the details in table form of the unprocessed data directly recorded by all the 14 AQMSs in Hong Kong in each time slot since March 8, 2012;

(c) given that of the 14 AQMSs of EPD, only three are roadside ones, and the other 11 general AQMSs are installed at building rooftops over 19 metres above the ground on average, whether the Government will install more roadside AQMSs (including in areas with high pedestrian flow such as Tsim Sha Tsui and Yau Ma Tei, etc.); if it will, of the details; if not, the reasons for that;

(d) given that some members of the public have indicated that EPD carried out instrument upgrade work at the AQMS in Causeway Bay this year and, as a result, reports of data on concentrations of fine suspended particulates were suspended for several days, of the details of the incident; how the Government ensures that these instruments can function properly and the data are accurate; and

(e) given that some members of the public have reflected that it is difficult for them to find real time data on concentrations of fine suspended particulates on EPD’s web site, and they have found that the web page entitled “Past 24 Hours Pollutant Concentration” on the web site does not contain real time data on fine suspended particulates, how the Government ensures that the public can easily access the relevant information; whether it will consider releasing the information through weather reports of the media; if it will, of the details; if not, the reasons for that?

Reply:

President,

(a) In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data of the air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs), the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) will verify and confirm the raw data collected at various AQMSs in accordance with a stringent quality assurance process before the publication of the official data. When verifying the raw data at various AQMSs each month, the EPD will examine factors such as the operation records of the instruments at the AQMSs during the relevant period, whether the instruments have been interfered by any external factors, for example, construction works in the vicinity, and whether there are any abnormal variations in specific monitoring data. The verification process takes time to complete due to the huge amount of monitoring data involved.

To cater for the public’s interest in the latest air quality information, the EPD has in parallel a special arrangement to publish on an hourly basis the real time concentrations of air pollutants recorded at various AQMSs for the past 24 hours on its website. Such real time data are raw data taken directly from the monitors at various AQMSs. As they have not been verified or confirmed, they are for preliminary reference only and would not be kept on EPD’s website. After verification of the data every month, we will upload the confirmed data onto the EPD website (epic.epd.gov.hk/ca/uid/airdata/p/1) for public’s consumption.

At present, the verified data at various AQMSs from January 1990 to January 2012 are available on our website. Since March 8, 2012 when we began publishing the data on PM2.5, such data have been included in our data verification process and the validated PM2.5 data would be uploaded onto our website.

(b) The unverified concentrations of PM2.5 recorded hourly at AQMSs from March 8 to April 30, 2012 are at the Annex.As the data have yet to be verified, there may be some deviations from the final verified data.

(c) All of the three existing roadside AQMSs in Hong Kong are located in built-up urban areas with heavy vehicular and pedestrian traffic to monitor roadside air quality. The three roadside AQMSs are in Causeway Bay, Central and Mong Kok. They cover the most common types of land uses with a relatively high density in urban areas, including commercial, commercial-cum-residential and financial districts. Therefore, the data from these roadside AQMSs are representative of the roadside air quality in typical places with heavy vehicular and pedestrian traffic in the urban areas in Hong Kong. As such, we currently have no plan to increase the number of roadside AQMSs.

(d) The publication of data on PM2.5 concentrations recorded at the roadside AQMS at Yee Wo Street, Causeway Bay, was suspended from March 12 to 28, 2012 due to replacement of instrument. The replacement mainly involved replacing existing PM2.5 monitor with a new model of greater precision. In tandem we replaced other related facilities, which included conversion of the outdoor equipment cases, replacement of vibration-proof installation, conversion of sampling pipes, etc. Since the old and new monitors could not operate in parallel during replacement works due to the site constraint, we had to remove the old instrument before installing the new one. Data reporting resumed after the new instrument had been assessed and confirmed to be operating normally and reliably. The EPD had announced on its website that the reporting of data on PM2.5 concentrations at the said AQMS was suspended temporarily during the period.

To ensure the proper operation of instruments and the accuracy of data, the EPD has adopted internationally recognised operating procedures and strictly implemented a quality control and quality assurance system to ensure that the air quality data are highly accurate, reliable and representative. The monitoring network has been accredited with ISO17025:2005 and ISO9001:2008.We will continue to strictly implement the relevant quality control procedures in operating the PM2.5 monitors so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

(e) On the EPD website there is a dedicated webpage providing data on air pollution (www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/data/air_data.html).It provides, among other things, past 24-hours concentrations of fine suspended particulates and other major air pollutants recorded at AQMSs (www.epd-asg.gov.hk/english/24pollu_fsp/24pc_fsp.html).To facilitate public access to past 24-hours concentrations of fine suspended particulates and other major air pollutants and verified past data, we have added links to the air pollution index webpage to provide the public with an additional channel to the above webpage. The real time data on the EPD website, which are updated hourly, provide the public with the most up-to-date information on air quality.

Source: HKSAR Government