The U.K. counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire near Wales began subsidizing the purchase of disposals by residents in 2005, after studying the issue and concluding that using disposals was a cost-effective, convenient, and hygienic means of diverting kitchen food waste from landfills. According to their analysis, using in-sink disposals for food waste costs less and has a better carbon footprint than other waste disposal options. The counties estimated that lower solid waste disposal costs would pay for the cost of subsidies in approximately three years.