Results: We estimate that the monetized value of PM2.5-related mortality attributable to congestion in these 83
cities in 2000 was approximately $31 billion (2007 dollars), as compared with a value of time and fuel wasted of
$60 billion. In future years, the economic impacts grow (to over $100 billion in 2030) while the public health
impacts decrease to $13 billion in 2020 before increasing to $17 billion in 2030, given increasing population and
congestion but lower emissions per vehicle. Across cities and years, the public health impacts range from more
than an order of magnitude less to in excess of the economic impacts.
Results: We estimate that the monetized value of PM2.5-related mortality attributable to congestion in these 83cities in 2000 was approximately $31 billion (2007 dollars), as compared with a value of time and fuel wasted of$60 billion. In future years, the economic impacts grow (to over $100 billion in 2030) while the public healthimpacts decrease to $13 billion in 2020 before increasing to $17 billion in 2030, given increasing population andcongestion but lower emissions per vehicle. Across cities and years, the public health impacts range from morethan an order of magnitude less to in excess of the economic impacts.
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