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WHO will help set Hong Kong’s air quality goals

SCMP

Thursday, 28 March, 2013, 12:00am

News›Hong Kong

HEALTH

Cheung Chi-fai chifai.cheung@scmp.com

Government is believed to be calling in global experts as it sets out a seven-year road map

World Health Organisation experts will help set Hong Kong’s air quality objectives, according to a schedule to be released by the Environment Bureau today, a source close to the government says.

The 40-page road map for Clean Air for Hong Kong will outline the targets and timetables for improving air quality.

The document, to be launched by Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing, will cover at least the next seven years and is expected to be the most comprehensive air quality blueprint for Hong Kong yet.

The plan will include government measures to curb emissions at local sources, from roads to marine transport and power generation. It will also highlight the need for co-operation with Guangdong in addressing regional smog caused by ground-level ozone pollution.

The source said it would also focus on the link between public health and air pollution, and the need for long-term local health studies, as well as possible funding sources for this research.

But room for new local measures seemed limited, as the bureau had recently already rolled out or announced a number of measures. These included phasing out old, polluting trucks by 2019, with the help of HK$10 billion earmarked by Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying.

It is understood that the bureau has been shortlisting experts to review its objectives and advise on studies through the WHO’s director general Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun.

“It is hoped the experts can help determine how far Hong Kong can go in setting the air quality targets,” the source said. “[The road map] will also give ammunition to environment officials [trying to] improve air quality in future.”

It is hoped the experts can help determine how far Hong Kong can go in setting the air quality targets

To highlight co-operation between different bureaus and departments, Wong will be joined in the announcement by Secretary for Transport and Housing Professor Anthony Cheung Bing-leung, undersecretary for food and health Professor Sophia Chan Siu-chee, and permanent secretary for development Wai Chi-sing.

“The Environment Bureau wanted to get Dr Ko Wing-man, the secretary for health and food, involved to highlight the importance of the issue. It is far more convincing for Ko to tell the public what is bad for their health than Wong,” the source said.

But a spokesman for Ko said the health minister had to show up at another event that would clash with the press conference.

“Dr Ko will attend a doctors’ event about Sars at Nethersole Hospital. He had promised to attend the event before the [press] conference was finalised,” the spokesman said.

Early last year, environment officials announced new air quality targets to be introduced next year, but the Audit Commission said the targets were not sufficient to protect public health.

The officials also listed at least 19 measures to reach the targets, some of which are already in use.

Topics:

World Health Organisation

Clean Air for Hong Kong

Air quality


Source URL (retrieved on Mar 28th 2013, 8:25am): http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1201374/who-will-help-set-hong-kongs-air-quality-goals

Causeway Bay API soars above WHO safety guidelines

Saturday, 09 March, 2013, 12:00am

News›Hong Kong

ENVIRONMENT

Cheung Chi-fai chifai.cheung@scmp.com

Government urged to curb vehicle emissions as calm weather lets exhaust gases linger  Environment officials came under pressure to cut vehicle emissions after dangerous pollution levels were recorded in one of Hong Kong’s busiest shopping districts yesterday.

In Causeway Bay, the air pollution index (API) hit 198, the third-highest level since recording began 18 years ago. Central’s highest reading was 187.

Those levels are described as “very high” under the city’s pollution forecast and warning system. People with respiratory or heart disease were advised to stay indoors.

In Causeway Bay, the air pollution index (API) hit 198, the third-highest level since recording began 18 years ago

The dominant pollutant in yesterday’s air was nitrogen dioxide, which comes from vehicle exhausts or reactions among various pollutants.(CTA: AND SHIPS which contribute more than 30%)

Nitrogen dioxide reached 291 micrograms per cubic metre of air at 3pm in Causeway Bay – nearly 50 per cent more than the World Health Organisation safety guideline of 200.

The level of PM2.5 – tiny particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs – was 72.4 micrograms at 3pm. The WHO’s recommended safety level is 25 micrograms, on average, over 24 hours. The city’s worst recorded roadside pollution was a “severe” API reading of 212 in Central last August.

Dave Ho Tak-yin, principal environmental protection officer, blamed calm weather for the dangerous pollution. “We expect air dispersion will remain poor and the API readings will remain at very high levels in the next couple of days,” he said.

Kwong Sum-yin, chief executive officer of the Clean Air Network, called the pollution alarming and urged the government to take prompt action.

“I hope [new measures] can be rolled out at a much quicker pace, and that steps will be taken rather than just talked about,” she said.

Officials’ top priority, she said, should be retrofitting franchised buses and ageing LPG vehicles with pollution filters.

But a spokesman for the Environmental Protection Department said the government had no timetable for seeking funding from lawmakers to subsidise bus and taxi operators for such a retrofit. (CLEAR THE AIR SAYS : “why in hell do that ? make the regulations stricter and make them comply or get off the bloody roads !)

Topics:

Air Pollution

Air Pollution Index

Causeway Bay

Exhaust Gas

Environment

Public Health


Source URL (retrieved on Mar 9th 2013, 11:15pm): http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1186604/causeway-bay-api-soars-above-who-safety-guidelines

HK shares air pollution concerns with WHO

http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=29603&icid=3&d_str=

HK shares air pollution concerns with WHO

(12-20 16:54)

The Hong Kong government has raised concerns about air pollution with the World Health Organization in Geneva.

The WHO’s director-general, Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, says she was contacted in October by a senior government official with responsibility for “environmental health.”

Chan — who served as the territory’s director of health before joining the WHO — did not identify the official, but told an Asia Society lunch that they had discussed what could be done to improve local air quality, RTHK reports.

Fine pollutants inside buses twice WHO limit, study finds

SCMP

Submitted by admin on Oct 13th 2012, 12:00am

News›Hong Kong

ENVIRONMENT

Jolie Ho jolie.ho@scmp.com

People on Hong Kong buses are breathing air containing twice the level of fine pollutants as that deemed safe by the World Health Organisation, an environmental group said yesterday.

Friends of the Earth conducted tests in June and July, and found the average level of PM2.5 particles – those 2.5 microns or less in diameter – in buses on 13 routes was 53.11 micrograms per cubic metre. The WHO calls for a limit of 25.

Such particles are roughly 1/28th the thickness of a human hair and because they are so fine, can lodge deep in the lungs. Some respirable suspended particles can cause cancer.

Melonie Chau Yuet-cheung, senior environmental officer of Friends of the Earth, said such high levels of PM2.5 were a serious health threat to the passengers and drivers. “There is a perception problem. People think that entering a bus is like entering a protected area, comparatively safer [than on a polluted roadway], but that is not the case,” Chau said.

The PM2.5 levels in buses were about the same as on the roadside because the vehicles’ ventilation systems did not filter out fine particles, she said.

The study was limited to franchised buses, and so excluded minibuses. Buses on each route were tested at least four times to get a reliable average reading.

The highest level recorded was in a bus on Yee Wo Street in Causeway Bay – 171 microns per cubic metre – on Citybus route 5.

Dr Wong Tze-wai, a professor in occupational and environmental health at Chinese University, said: “These suspended particles can bypass the normal defence mechanism of the human body. They do not exist in nature … so they cannot be captured [by the fine hair and mucus in our lungs].”

Wong said US studies had linked fine particles to elevated death rates from lung cancer.

Kowloon Motor Bus said new buses were being equipped with electronic static filters, which can block PM2.5. By last month, 1,350 of its 3,900 buses had the filters. Citybus could not be reached for comment.

The government has not set a limit for PM2.5.

Topics:

Fine pollutants

Bus

Environment

Who


Source URL (retrieved on Oct 13th 2012, 5:35am): http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1059807/fine-pollutants-inside-buses-twice-who-limit-study-finds

Dr. William Suk, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on World Health Organization Report “Persistent Organic Pollutants: Impact on Child Health” -Scientific Knowledge Supports Worldwide Effort to Minimize POPs Exposure

Cancer Action News Network
Donald L. Hassig, Producer
315.262.2456
__________________________________________________________________________________

Loving the Earth Environmental Revolution

Dr. William Suk, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on World Health Organization Report “Persistent Organic Pollutants: Impact on Child Health” -Scientific Knowledge Supports Worldwide Effort to Minimize POPs Exposure

Beginning in the first part of the 20th century, industrialized economies throughout the world have released into the environment a group of chemicals referred to collectively as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These releases have gradually led to global food supply contamination. Evidence of serious harm resultant from POPs exposure has been accumulating in the scientific literature for several decades. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a report titled, “Persistent Organic Pollutants: Impact on Child Health”. This WHO public health policy guidance document calls for a worldwide effort to minimize the exposures that children receive to POPs.

Dr. Suk provides background on the genesis of this report. He answers the highly important question, “What must be known about exposure to a chemical substance and disease outcome before the public health system decides that the substance constitutes a health hazard?” It is the existence of a large body of scientific knowledge describing serious damages to health that brings consensus among public health professionals that exposure to a substance or group of substances must be viewed as a health hazard. Such a body of scientific knowledge now exists for POPs.

I ask Dr. Suk what he thinks about prioritizing populations residing in the vicinity of POPs contaminated Superfund Sites for first efforts in POPs exposure minimization educational outreach by governmental public health entities. He states his agreement with this strategy. Dr. Suk goes on to express his belief that the WHO is the right agency for conducting this type of educational outreach.

Cancer Action NY is currently working with the National Center for Environmental Health and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry sister agencies of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop POPs exposure minimization educational outreach to populations residing in the vicinity of POPs contaminated Superfund sites. We are making steady progress and look forward to beginning to create much increased awareness on the subject of POPs exposure minimization in populations at several Superfund sites, including: upper Hudson River Superfund site, GM Powertrain Superfund site and the Titawabassee River Superfund Site.

The effort to minimize the quantity of harm to human health that results from POPs contamination of the global environment is taking shape and Cancer Action NY is taking a leadership role in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Conversation Network is showing itself to be a wonderful conduit for this work.

The unedited interview is available at the URL found below.

http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/program/62326


Donald L. Hassig, Director
Cancer Action NY
Cancer Action News Network
P O Box 340
Colton, NY USA 13625
315.262.2456
www.canceractionny.org

WHO cancer report a wake-up call for Hong Kong on air pollution

SCMP – 18 June 2012

One of the leading questions of our times is just what it will take to convince the government to treat air pollution with a greater sense of urgency. It is a life and death issue. The Hedley Environment Index, maintained by University of Hong Kong researchers, shows that there has been an annual average of 3,200 avoidable deaths due to the city’s bad air quality for the past five years, a fact which remains undisputed by officials. Perhaps the answer to the question is a decision by World Health Organisation experts to raise the cancer risk of breathing in diesel fumes to the same level as that for passive smoking. But we should not hold our breath in anticipation. We have a farcical idling engine ban that is now founded on exemptions, and we have an unconvincing attempt to ban smoking in public indoors, which shields the owners and managers of bars, restaurants and the like and doesn’t much frighten anyone else. The incoming administration of chief executive-elect Leung Chun-ying has a chance to show from the start that it really means to make a difference by putting the public interest before sectional and vested interests.

The WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, comprising independent experts, has just reclassified the links between diesel exhausts and lung and bladder cancer from probable to definite. Its findings are based on analysis of decades of published studies, evidence from animals and limited research on humans. Hong Kong recently adopted new air-quality targets that still fall short in key areas of those recommended by the WHO seven years ago. More recently, however, the Environmental Department reported the worst-ever levels of respirable suspended particles and nitrogen dioxide. Officials blame low rainfall, sunny days and industrial activity beyond our borders in the face of evidence that polluted air is largely of our own making. The authorities know the real cause and what must be done to stop it – two coal-burning electric power stations, harbour traffic and vehicles, especially those with diesel engines. But as the watering down of the idling engine law shows, business interests still prevail over the public interest, even at the astronomical economic cost to the city of unnecessary deaths and ill health.

That said, officials have shown what can be done if they try, with marked reductions in the levels of some pollutants, encouragement to take old, polluting vehicles out of service and power firms gradually switching to cleaner fuel. It is not a question of money. Leung should give priority to air quality in his plan to make better use of the city’s huge reserves. For the sake of public health and the city’s attraction as a place to live and work, we trust the link between diesel fumes and cancer serves as a wake-up call.

Finding raises diesel cancer fears

HK Standard

Diesel fumes cause cancer, the World Health Organization declared yesterday.

Mary Ann Benitez and Choya Choi

Thursday, June 14, 2012

Diesel fumes cause cancer, the World Health Organization declared yesterday.

The conclusion, announced after a week-long meeting of a panel organized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, may make vehicle exhaust gases as important as a public health threat as secondhand tobacco smoke.

Before this, diesel exhaust had been categorized as “probable carcinogen” to humans.

But now the agency, which is the WHO cancer arm, has made a definitive determination that diesel exhaust does cause cancer.

“Based on sufficient evidence, exposure [to diesel exhaust] is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer,” a statement from the IARC and the WHO said.

“It’s on the same order of magnitude as passive smoking,” Kurt Straif, director of the IARC was quoted as saying by Associated Press.

“This could be another big push for countries to clean up exhaust from diesel engines.”

Straif said there may be many cases of lung cancer connected to the contaminant.

He said the fumes affected groups including pedestrians on the street, ship passengers and crew, railroad workers, truck drivers, mechanics, miners and those operating heavy machinery.

Reclassifying diesel exhaust as carcinogenic puts it into the same category as other known hazards such as asbestos, alcohol and ultraviolet radiation.

A spokesman for the Environmental Protection Department said the government has been “closely monitoring” the WHO study on the health effects of diesel engine emissions.

“As diesel vehicles emissions are the main source of pollution and have adverse effects on public health, the government has enforced a series of measures to control and reduce the emissions of diesel vehicles,” he said.

But Clear the Air chairman James Middleton did not mince words about the “failed” tenure of outgoing Secretary for the Environment Edward Yau Tang-wah.

He has made 60 overseas trips in 59 months, presumably seeking a source of clean air for Hong Kong during his failed portfolio tenure,” Middleton said.

“His recent Greentech jaunt to Europe where he visited a polluting incineration plant and a Scottish distillery will be of doubtful use to Hong Kong’s environmental problems.

“Roadside pollution has increased during his tenure.

Officials urged to heed WHO diesel warning

SCMP

News that fumes raises cancer risk means officials should clean up and reduce diesel fleet, groups say
Dennis Chong
Jun 14, 2012

The government should cut the number of diesel-powered vehicles on the streets, and make the remainder less polluting, to protect pedestrians now the World Health Organisation has classified diesel fumes as a cause of cancer, lobby groups say.

WHO experts said that the more diesel exhaust fumes people breathed in, the more they risked getting lung and bladder cancer.

At the end of March, about 130,000 diesel-powered vehicles were registered in Hong Kong.

The Clean Air Network and think tank Civic Exchange claim the government has been too slow in toughening environmental standards for diesel engines.

Clean Air said the WHO’s decision reinforced the need for the government to set out policies to encourage the use of cleaner fuel.

According to the group, more than 80 per cent of diesel vehicles have engines that meet the emissions standards in force in the EU before the year 2000. These pre-Euro-IV- standard vehicles account for most of the city’s emissions of two key pollutants, being responsible for 88 per cent of pollutant particles in the air and 76 per cent of nitrogen oxide.

The European Union has introduced progressively tighter emission standards for vehicles since 1992. Its Euro V standard for buses and trucks was introduced in 2008; the Euro VI standard comes in next year.

Clean Air general manager Helen Choy Shuk-yi said bus companies had been reluctant to upgrade their vehicles on cost grounds.

Mike Kilburn, of Civic Exchange, said it was crucial officials speed up the phasing out of old diesel vehicles.

He also said the government may not be fully informed on the emission levels of construction machinery and other equipment, such as diggers and cranes. “There is no standard for [their] maintenance,” he said.

The government must respond to the WHO findings since people could now easily understand the harm diesel exhaust fumes cause, Kilburn said.

An Environment Bureau spokesman said it had noted the WHO decision and would consider measures to tighten controls. He also said the government was planning new laws to control emissions from machinery and equipment.

The WHO said that while the risk of getting cancer from diesel fumes was small, since so many people breathed in the fumes in some way, raising the status of diesel exhaust to carcinogen from “probable carcinogen” was an important shift.

The WHO’s updated stance was based partly on the findings of a study conducted by the US National Cancer Institute/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which found that a wide exposure to diesel-related emissions by 12,300 underground miners increased their risk of death from lung cancer.

Choy said she expected the WHO to revise its pollution benchmarks along with the latest decision.

“Hong Kong will then fall far short of international standards in terms of its air quality benchmarks,” she said.

The government says it will toughen air-quality targets in 2014.

dennis.chong@scmp.com

IARC: DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST CARCINOGENIC

Lyon, France, June 12, 2012 ‐‐ After a week-long meeting of international experts, the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), today
classified diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence
that exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer.
Background
In 1988, IARC classified diesel exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). An Advisory Group
which reviews and recommends future priorities for the IARC Monographs Program had recommended
diesel exhaust as a high priority for re-evaluation since 1998.
There has been mounting concern about the cancer-causing potential of diesel exhaust, particularly based
on findings in epidemiological studies of workers exposed in various settings. This was re-emphasized by
the publication in March 2012 of the results of a large US National Cancer Institute/National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health study of occupational exposure to such emissions in underground miners,
which showed an increased risk of death from lung cancer in exposed workers (1).

Lyon, France, June 12, 2012 ‐‐ After a week-long meeting of international experts, the InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), todayclassified diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidencethat exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer.BackgroundIn 1988, IARC classified diesel exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). An Advisory Groupwhich reviews and recommends future priorities for the IARC Monographs Program had recommendeddiesel exhaust as a high priority for re-evaluation since 1998.There has been mounting concern about the cancer-causing potential of diesel exhaust, particularly basedon findings in epidemiological studies of workers exposed in various settings. This was re-emphasized bythe publication in March 2012 of the results of a large US National Cancer Institute/National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health study of occupational exposure to such emissions in underground miners,which showed an increased risk of death from lung cancer in exposed workers (1).

Download PDF : diesel exhaust carcinogenic

Air Pollution and Sustainable Development

XVI SDE Seminar Series towards Rio+20
Sustainable Development and Environmental Health – SDE – PAHO/WHO

Wednesday May 23rd, 2012 – In English with simultaneous translation to Spanish
Time: 12:00 am – 1:30 pm – EDT (Washington, DC USA) To check your time zone, see the World Clock

Website: Website PAHO/WHO Rio+20 at:  http://bit.ly/oxoRdS

Environmental Health Inequalities in Europe. Assessment Report
EURO/WHO 2012 PDF [212p.] at:  http://bit.ly/xA9tmV
The current Rio+20 zero draft of the outcome document includes the following paragraph:

“………..We commit to promote an integrated and holistic approach to planning and building sustainable cities through support to local authorities, efficient transportation and communication networks, greener buildings and an efficient human settlements and service delivery system,
improved air and water quality, reduced waste, improved disaster preparedness and response and increased climate resilience……….

“……Industry, transport, information and societal development in general, have combined during the past centuries in a very productive way to human kind. Thanks to this today’s modern societies enjoy the comfort of terrestrial, areal and maritime transportation; a massive amount of goods and services hand reachable, and information and communications 24/7 around the world. However, these developments have produced different air pollutants such as gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, methanol, volatile organics, etc.) and a varied amount of particulate emissions (diesel, carbon, lead, silica, etc.). All together they have strongly polluted our planet, particularly our atmosphere.

Analyzing the sources of air pollution, mobile sources represented in road and air transportation are considered to be the biggest air polluters, enhanced by urban sprawl, traffic density and long commutes. While within the fixed sources industry, household combustion devices and agricultural/forest fire emissions are considered to contribute the most. Consequently, smog hanging over cities is probably the most familiar and visible form of air pollution that does contribute to global warming, the greenhouse effect, the climatic changes, within other phenomena, and it also yields very deleterious health effects in humans and all living forms and creatures on the planet.

WHO estimates that 2.4 million people die per year because of air pollution. Some studies even show that at a global level, deaths are more attributable to air pollution than to automobile accidents. People suffering from respiratory diseases, as well as children and elderly are much more vulnerable to be affected. Short-term effects on human health usually are eye, nose and throat irritations, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Long-term effects are often more severe, including chronic respiratory diseases, lung cancer, heart disease, brain/neurological damages and liver diseases, within others.

This seminar will address some of these problems that certainly affect human populations around the world and that should help position health within the context of human sustainable development.

Agenda

12:00      Introduction: Agnes Soares, Moderator, Regional Advisor Sustainable Development and Environmental Health PAHO/WHO

12:05      Air Pollution, Health and Sustainable Energy considerations for Sustainable Development:

Daniel S. Greenbaum, President, Health Effects Institute

12:20      A National Perspective on intervention on Urban Air Pollution for Health in Sustainable Development in Mexico:
Leonora Rojas-Bracho, Director General
Urban and Regional Contamination National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change, Mexico

12:30      Transportation policies and air pollution:
Dinesh Mohan, Volvo Chair Professor Emeritus, Transport Research and Injury Prevention Program,
WHO Collaborating Centre. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

12:40      The challenge on air pollution and sustainable development from the Ministry of Health of Chile:
Victor Berrios, Chief Air Quality Surveillance Network (R.M), “Seremi de Salud R.M

12:50      Investing for Sustainable Development: Addressing the priorities in Latin American Cities:

Juan Carlos Belaustenguigoitia. World Bank’s Senior Environmental Economist

1 :00      Commentary:  Nelson Gouveia, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

1:10      Discussion

1:30      Adjourn

How to participate

In person:
PAHO/WHO
525 23rd ST NW
Washington DC, 20037 Room B – 12h to 13:30h Eastern Time (WDC)

Online: via Elluminate link:

– Spanish room: www.paho.org/virtual/SeminariosSDE

– English room www.paho.org/virtual/SDESeminars

Related material:

Health impacts of Air Pollution – http://bit.ly/KJt2g8
Publications on environmental burdens of disease – http://bit.ly/L5bJmv

Environmental health inequalities in Europe. Assessment report EURO/WHO http://bit.ly/xA9tmV

SDE Seminar Series towards Rio+20

For those who cannot follow the live seminar, we will have it available later at PAHO Rio+20 Toolkit at: http://bit.ly/oxoRdS

Food Security

No 15 Food Security, Health and Sustainable Development
http://bit.ly/J6S46s


Global Sustainable Development
No.14 Global Sustainable Development and Environmental Health- Joint Discussion with the US Institute of Medicine
http://bit.ly/M4zpwg

Sustainable Development Indicators
No.13  Health at the heart of Sustainable Development Indicators

http://bit.ly/IQGhgE

Economic – social aspects Non Communicable Diseases

No.12  Economic and social aspects of Non Communicable Diseases NCDs

http://bit.ly/IisLCg

Non Communicable Diseases

No.11 Non Communicable Diseases and Sustainable Development

http://bit.ly/JGgnvr

Workers health

No.10 Green Economy /Green Jobs: Health Risks & Benefits
http://bit.ly/IhCwK2

Regional Experiences

No. 9 The Voice and Experience of the Caribbean Islands towards SD
http://bit.ly/HGvKCh

Road Safety

No.  8 Road Safety and Public Transportation towards Sustainable Development:
an agenda for health for Rio+20
http://bit.ly/IS7rAH

Globalization

No. 7 Globalization and Health Equity towards Sustainable Development
http://bit.ly/HJ0PTT

Civil Society

No. 6 The Voices of Civil Society – Creating the Healthy Future
http://bit.ly/HRsJyd

Working Environments
No. 5 Employment and working conditions for Sustainable Development
http://bit.ly/ILtlHE

The Environment

No. 4 Amazon Region: Environment and Health in the Context of Sustainable Development
http://bit.ly/IlMMmK

Climate Change

No. 3 Climate Change and health in the context of Rio+20
http://bit.ly/J7NLFJ

Water

No. 2 Water and Sanitation
http://bit.ly/HP7kGw

Sustainable Development

No. 1 Public Health Challenges
http://bit.ly/Iv3LWW

KMC/2012/SDE
Twitter
http://twitter.com/eqpaho
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